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FUNGSI AIR MINUM UNTUK KESEHATAN MANUSIA
DRINKING WATER AND HUMAN BODY
From Wikipedia.org
-
About 70% of the fat free mass of the
human body is made of water. To function properly, the body requires between one and seven
liters of water per
day to avoid
dehydration; the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors. Most of this is ingested through foods or beverages other than drinking straight water. It is not clear how much water intake is needed by healthy people, though most experts agree that 8-10 glasses of water (approximately 2 liters) daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration.
[11] For those who do not have kidney problems, it is rather difficult to drink too much water, but (especially in warm humid weather and while exercising) it is dangerous to drink too little. People can drink far more water than necessary while exercising, however, putting them at risk of
water intoxication, which can be fatal. The "fact" that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced back to a scientific source.
[12] There are other myths such as the effect of water on weight loss and constipation that have been dispelled.
[13]
Original recommendation for water intake in 1945 by the
Food and Nutrition Board of the
National Research Council read: "An ordinary standard for diverse persons is 1 milliliter for each calorie of food. Most of this quantity is contained in prepared foods."
[14] The latest dietary reference intake report by the
United States National Research Council in general recommended (including food sources): 2.7 liters of water total for women and 3.7 liters for men.
[15] Specifically,
pregnant and
breastfeeding women need additional fluids to stay hydrated. According to the
Institute of Medicine — who recommend that, on average, women consume 2.2 litres and men 3.0 litres — this is recommended to be 2.4 litres (approx. 9 cups) for pregnant women and 3 litres (approx. 12.5 cups) for breastfeeding women since an especially large amount of fluid is lost during nursing.
[16] Also noted is that normally, about 20 percent of water intake comes from food, while the rest comes from drinking water and beverages (
caffeinated included). Water is excreted from the body in multiple forms; through
urine and
feces, through
sweating, and by exhalation of
water vapor in the breath. With physical exertion and heat exposure, water loss will increase and daily fluid needs may increase as well.
